Hospital Bill Data

Reference

Glossary

Hospital files use technical names for several different prices. Here is what each term means in plain language.

List price

CMS term: Gross charge

The hospital's full undiscounted charge before any insurance discount or cash discount. Few people actually pay this amount.
Cash / self-pay price

CMS term: Discounted cash price

The price the hospital has disclosed for someone paying directly, without using insurance.
Insurance-negotiated rate

CMS term: Payer-specific negotiated charge

A rate the hospital has disclosed for a specific payer and plan. Your share of this depends on your benefits.
Lowest disclosed insurance rate

CMS term: De-identified minimum negotiated charge

The lowest negotiated rate the hospital disclosed across payers for this item, with payer identity removed.
Highest disclosed insurance rate

CMS term: De-identified maximum negotiated charge

The highest negotiated rate the hospital disclosed across payers for this item, with payer identity removed.
Median historical allowed amount

CMS term: Median allowed amount

A historical reference figure for what was actually allowed for this item, where the hospital chose to disclose it.
Lower-end historical allowed amount

CMS term: 10th percentile allowed amount

A lower-end historical allowed-amount reference, where disclosed.
Upper-end historical allowed amount

CMS term: 90th percentile allowed amount

An upper-end historical allowed-amount reference, where disclosed.
Allowed-amount records used

CMS term: Allowed amount count

How many historical records the disclosed allowed-amount figures are based on.
Machine-readable file (MRF)

CMS term: Standard charges file

The structured file (CSV or JSON) each hospital must publish listing its standard charges under CMS price transparency rules.
CPT / HCPCS code

CMS term: Procedure code

Standardized codes that identify a specific medical service or item. We use them to match services across hospitals.
Setting (inpatient / outpatient)

CMS term: setting

Where the service is delivered. This is separate from billing class.
Billing class (facility / professional)

CMS term: billing_class

Whether the charge is for facility use or a professional service. It does NOT mean inpatient or outpatient.

Setting values

  • inpatientInpatient
  • outpatientOutpatient
  • bothInpatient & outpatient
  • unknownSetting not specified

Billing class values

  • facilityFacility
  • professionalProfessional
  • bothFacility & professional
  • unknownNot specified